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Norwalk
River Habitat Restoration
Much
of the "original habitat" of the Norwalk River Watershed has
been altered or destroyed over the past 150 years. Population
growth and attendant development, roads, dams, channelization,
rip rap, sewer discharges, accidental spills, and nonpoint-source
pollution from fertilizers, pesticides, road salt and sand,
warming asphalt, and other impacts from human activities have
led to the extensive loss and continuing incremental destruction
of natural habitats and degradation of water quality. In addition,
invasive plant and animal species - such as loosestrife and
deer - are altering habitats and threatening biological diversity.
To
slow this loss of habitat the Norwalk River Watershed Association,
cooperating partners, and volunteers are working to implement
and promote habitat restoration. "Habitat restoration" means
undoing the past, repairing the effects of pollution, and
returning a habitat to a self-sustaining ecosystem. Restoration
usually doesn't focus on a single species but strives to replicate
the original natural system. The goal is to help rebuild a
healthy, functioning system that works much as it did before
it was polluted or destroyed.
Sometimes
restoration isn't possible. A development or highway may preclude
that. In those cases, mitigation - which usually involves
improvement and an increase in total acreage of the corrected
habitat to "make up for" the habitat destruction or pollution
- is the aim.
Restoration
or mitigation activities range from the simple to the complex.
They frequently include, singly or in combination, measures
that may need approval from a local Planning & Zoning Commission
or Inland Wetland Board, and they usually entail the following:
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Baseline assessments and performance standards,
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Long-term
monitoring and conservation plans,
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The reconstruction of physical and hydrologic conditions
through engineered activities, often involving heavy equipment,
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The
chemical cleanup of toxic substances, and
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Revegetation
of an area through native plantings or natural regrowth
Currently
NRWA is partnering with the Ridgefield Conservation Commission
to recreate more of a meadow/emerging woodland habitat on
a floodplain and adjacent upland next to the Norwalk River
at the River Study Site off Route 7 on the Ridgefield/Redding
border. The project calls for the long-term control of invasive
plants - such as black locust, bittersweet, and multiflora
rose - the planting of appropriate wildflowers, controlled
mowing, and stabilization of bank areas destroyed by fishermen.
All parts of the project have been addressed, and present
plans call for the final seeding to take place by spring 2003.
This site is part of the Norwalk River Valley Trails System
and is the area where Ridgefield fourth graders come to learn
about river ecology as part of the school curriculum.
Those
individuals or groups interested in participating in a restoration
project should call NRWA to find out about its efforts and
those of partner projects within the watershed.
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